SCIENCE

Based on the China global Merged Surface Temperature dataset 2.0 (CMST 2.0), a new study from Sun Yat-sen University has revealed that 2023 is expected to be the hottest year ever. This comes after NASA and the European Union Climate Monitor has also stated 2023 to be the hottest on record.

The findings, detailed in the journal Nature, are based on data from NASA’s InSight Mars lander, which operated for four years before running out of power during its extended mission in December 2022.

Einstein's general theory of relativity means that we should observe the distant -- and hence ancient -- universe running much slower than the present day. However, peering back that far in time has proven elusive. Scientists have now cracked that mystery by using quasars as 'clocks'. Quasars are the supermassive black holes at the centres of early galaxies.

In a significant milestone, NASA said it was able to recycle about 98 per cent urine and sweat from astronauts aboard the International Space Station into drinking water -- an advance that can help it in upcoming missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond.

This comes days after scientists reported development of a "synthetic" embryo with brain and beating heart, without the help of eggs or sperm.The latest research, also from University of Cambridge, used human stem cells to create synthetic structures, which replicates cells seen in the third and fourth week of pregnancy. The findings can help understand the impact of genetic disorders and the causes of recurrent miscarriage.

The Cassini spacecraft, which explored Saturn and its system of rings and moons for over 13 years, from 2004 to 2017, discovered Enceladus' subsurface liquid water. They analysed samples in a plume of ice grains and gases erupting into space from cracks in the moon's icy surface.

Analogous to the GHRH factor, the Sermorelin polypeptide consists of GHRH (1-29 acid)-amide. This structure is known as a GHRH factor analog. Because of the presence of this structure, Sermorelin has been the subject of studies in various scientific research subfields dealing with growth hormone deficiencies